Effect of substituting urea with grain-legume fixed N fertiliser on CO2 emissions, and of raising pH on N2O emissions. Wongan Hills, Western Australia, 2009-2011 [Theme 4: Soil Carbon in N2O emissions]

public read uid=grace,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org read write changePermission uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Effect of substituting urea with grain-legume fixed N fertiliser on CO2 emissions, and of raising pH on N2O emissions. Wongan Hills, Western Australia, 2009-2011 [Theme 4: Soil Carbon in N2O emissions] Dr. Louise Barton The University of Western Australia Associate Professor

School of Earth & Environment (M087), The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia

+61 8 6488 2543 louise.barton@uwa.edu.au Ms. Siobhann McCafferty Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology Data Librarian

2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia

+61 7 3138 0457 siobhann.mccafferty@qut.edu.au Custodian/Steward Grain production is a net producer of greenhouse gases (GHG) via fertiliser, herbicide and farm machinery usage. In south-western Australia, previous research demonstrated that applying N fertiliser as urea contributed ca. 80% to total on-farm emissions by emitting carbon dioxide (CO2) via urea hydrolysis, and nitrous oxide (N2O) via soil biological activity. This project will determine if on-farm CO2 emissions from urea can be decreased by substituting urea with grain-legume fixed N; and if on-farm N2O emissions can be decreased by raising soil pH (via liming). Nitrous oxide emissions will be measured on a sub-daily basis from lupin-wheat rotations (limed and unlimed) using soil chambers connected to a fully automated system that enables simultaneous determination of greenhouse gases (N2O, CH4, CO2). Research findings will equip grain producers with strategies to manage on-farm GHG emissions. Nitrous oxide N2O Wheat Grain legume Wongan Hills Greenhouse gases Urea Liming Auto Chambers WA 0502 0701 anzsrc-for 2009 2011 Wongan Hills, Western Australia 116.7193 116.7193 -30.8374 -30.8374 1286250721479 Soil Profile Properties Soil Profile Properties (south and north) (cs update).csv 1658 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.6.11 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Horizon Specific layer in a soil profile. Layers defined as per the Australian Soil Classification System. A1(1p) Soil layer A2(1) Soil layer A2(2) Soil layer A3(1) Soil layer A3(2) Soil layer Soil depth Depth of sampling, from the soil surface downwards to 1 meter. meter natural Replicates Number of samples analysed per soil horizon dimensionless natural Soil pH (CaCl2) A measure of the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration, it gives a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm) and shaken in 0.01 M CaCl2 (1:5 soil : extract) for 1 h. Samples were allowed to settle for 30 minutes before measuring pH with a glass electrode. Reference: Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. (Inkata Press, Australia.) dimensionless natural Soil pH (water) A measure of the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration, it gives a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm) and shaken in water (1:5 soil : extract) for 1 h. Samples were allowed to settle for 30 minutes before measuring pH with a glass electrode. Reference: Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. (Inkata Press, Australia.) dimensionless natural Electrical Conductivity A measure of the conduction of electricity through water. Soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm) and shaken in deionised water (1:5 soil : extract) for 1 h. Samples were allowed to settle for 30 minutes before measuring pH with a probe. Reference: Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. (Inkata Press, Australia.) microsiemens per centimeter natural Cation exchange capacity Defined as the soils' ability to attract, retain, and exchange cation elements. Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. (Inkata Press, Australia.). millieqivlents per 100 grams natural Bulk density Defined as the mass of dry soil per unit bulk volume. Bulk density determined by measuring the oven-dried mass (105°C) of undisturbed cores (7.05 cm in height, 7.23 cm in internal diameter). Reference: McKenzie N, Coughlan K and Cresswell H (2002) ‘Soil physical measurement and interpretation for land evaluation.’ (CSIRO Publishing:Melbourne). grams per cubic centimeter natural Sand Particles 2 – 0.02mm diameter. Laboratory measurement of particle size distribution using mechanical analysis (pipette method). Reference: McKenzie N, Coughlan K and Cresswell H (2002) ‘Soil physical measurement and interpretation for land evaluation.’ (CSIRO Publishing:Melbourne). percentage natural Silt Soil particles 0.02 – 0.002mm. Laboratory measurement of particle size distribution using mechanical analysis (pipette method). Reference: McKenzie N, Coughlan K and Cresswell H (2002) ‘Soil physical measurement and interpretation for land evaluation.’ (CSIRO Publishing:Melbourne). percentage natural Clay Soil particle < 0.002mm diameter. Laboratory measurement of particle size distribution using mechanical analysis (pipette method). Reference: McKenzie N, Coughlan K and Cresswell H (2002) ‘Soil physical measurement and interpretation for land evaluation.’ (CSIRO Publishing:Melbourne). percentage natural Saturation Volumetric water content when all soil pores are full of water and no air remains in the soil. The matric potential of soil at saturation is zero. Saturation determined in the laboratory using undisturbed cores (1.0 cm in height, 5.37 cm in internal diameter). Reference: McKenzie N, Coughlan K and Cresswell H (2002) ‘Soil physical measurement and interpretation for land evaluation.’ (CSIRO Publishing:Melbourne). grams water per cubic centimeter natural Field Capacity Volumetric water content of the soil after rapid drainage has effectively ceased and the soil water content has become relatively stable. The matric potential of soil at saturation is -10 kPa. Field capacity determined in the laboratory using undisturbed cores (1.0 cm in height, 5.37 cm in internal diameter). Reference: McKenzie N, Coughlan K and Cresswell H (2002) ‘Soil physical measurement and interpretation for land evaluation.’ (CSIRO Publishing:Melbourne). grams water per cubic centimeter natural Permanent Wilting Point Volumetric water content of the soil at which plants are permanently wilted. The matric potential of permanent wilting point is -1500 kPa. Field capacity determined in the laboratory using undisturbed cores (1.0 cm in height, 5.37 cm in internal diameter). Reference: McKenzie N, Coughlan K and Cresswell H (2002) ‘Soil physical measurement and interpretation for land evaluation.’ (CSIRO Publishing:Melbourne). grams water per cubic centimeter natural Saturated hydraulic conductivity The rate that water is transmitted through a soil when the soil is saturated i.e., pores are full of water and no air present. Saturated hydraulic conductivity determined in the laboratory using undisturbed cores (7.04 cm in height, 7.26 cm in internal diameter). Reference: McKenzie N, Coughlan K and Cresswell H (2002) ‘Soil physical measurement and interpretation for land evaluation.’ (CSIRO Publishing:Melbourne). millimeter per hour natural Particle Density The mass of solid divided by its volume (sometimes referred to as specific gravity). grams per cubic centimeter natural Total C The amount of carbon in the soil. Determined by dry combustion of air-dried, finely ground soil. Reference: Rayment, G.E. and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods pp64-66 pp203-204. Inkata Press milligrams per gram soil natural Total N The amount of nitrogen in the soil. Determined by dry combustion of air-dried, finely ground soil. Reference: Rayment, G.E. and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods pp64-66 pp203-204. Inkata Press.Unit: milligram per gram soil natural Organic C Organic carbon determined using a modified ‘Walkely and Black method’. Reference: Rayment, G.E. and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods pp64-66 pp203-204. Inkata Press. percentage natural 35 Dissolved organic C (lupin-wheat) Dissolved organic C (lupin-wheat).csv 1516 0 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.13.2 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Collection date Date Date soil (0-5cm) collected MM-DD-YYYY 0 Dissolved organic carbon (0-5cm), Lime DOC (0-5cm), Lime Water extrable carbon microgramspergram natural Standard error SE Standard error of mean in previous column microgramsPerGram natural Dissolved organic carbon (0-5cm), no lime DOC (0-5cm), no lime Water extrable C in 0-5cm, no limed soil microgramsPerGram natural Standard Error SE Standard error of previous mean microgramsPerGram natural Collection date Date Date soil from 5-10cm collected DD-MM-YYYY 0 Dissolved organic carbon (5-10 cm), lime DOC (5-10cm), lime Water extractable carbon from 5-10cm, limed soil microgramsPerGram natural Standard Error SE Standard error of the mean in the previous column microgramsPerGram natural Dissolved organic carbon (5-10cm), no lime DOC (5-10cm), no lime Water extractable carbon in 5-10 cm microgramsPerGram natural Standard error SE Standard error of mean in previous column microgramsPerGram natural 37 Dissolved organic C (wheat-wheat) Dissolved organic C (wheat-wheat).csv 1433 0 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.14.2 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Collection date (0-5cm) Date Date soil collected from 0-5cm MM-DD-YY 0 Dissolved organic carbon (0-5cm), lime DOC (0-5cm), lime Water extractable carbon from 0-5cm microgramspergram natural Standard error SE Stabdard error of mean in previous column microgramspergram natural Dissolved organic carbon (0-5cm), no lime DOC (0-5cm), no lime Water extractable carbon from 0-5 cm microgramspergram natural Standard error SE Standard error of mean in previous column microgramspergram natural Collection date, 5-10cm Date Date 5-10cm soil collected MM-DD-YYYY 0 Dissolved organic carbon (5-10cm), lime DOC (5-10cm), lime Water extractable carbon from 5-10 cm microgramspergram natural Standard error SE Standard error of mean in previous column microgramspergram natural Dissolved organic carbon (5-10cm), no lime DOC (0-5cm), no lime Water extractable carbon in 5-10cm microgramspergram natural Standard error SE Standard error of mean in previous column microgramspergram natural 30 Mineral N & WFPS (lupin-wheat) Mineral N & WFPS (lupin-wheat) (cs update).csv 7722 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.18.4 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Collection date (0-5cm) Date samples collected M/D/YYYY 0 Nitrate (0-5cm) Lime kg N/ha Amount of nitrate-N in 0-5cm kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha Standard error of value in previous column kilogramsPerHectare natural Nitrate (0-5cm) No lime kgN/ha Amount of nitrate-N in 0-5cm kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha Standard error of value in previous column. kilogramsPerHectare natural Ammonium (0-5cm) Lime kgN/ha Amount of NH4-N in 0-5cm kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha Standard error of previous column kilogramsPerHectare natural Ammonium (0-5cm) No lime kgN/ha Amount of NH4-N in 0-5cm kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha Standard error associated with previous column. kilogramsPerHectare natural WFPS (0-5cm) Lime % Water-filled pore space of 0-5cm percentage natural SE % Standard error of previous column. percentage natural WFPS (0-5cm) No lime % Water-filled pore space of 0-5cm percentage natural SE % Standard error of previous column. percentage natural Collection date (5-10cm) Date soil from 5-10cm collected MM/DD/YYYY 0 Nitrate (5-10cm) Lime kgN/ha Amount of NO3-N in 5-10cm kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha Standard error of previous column kilogramsPerHectare natural Nitrate (5-10cm) No lime kgN/ha Amount of NO3-N in 5-10cm kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha Standard error of previous column kilogramsPerHectare natural Ammonium (5-10cm) Lime kgN/ha Amount of NH4-N in the 5-10cm. kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha Standard error of the previous column kilogramsPerHectare natural Ammonium (5-10cm) No lime kgN/ha The amount of NH4-N in 5-10cm kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha Standard error of the previous column kilogramsPerHectare natural WFPS (5-10cm) Lime % Water-filled pore space of 5-10cm percentage natural SE % Standard error of previous column percentage natural WFPS (5-10cm) No lime % Water-filled pore space of 5-10cm. percentage natural SE % Standard error of previous column percentage natural 62 Mineral N & WFPS (wheat-wheat) Mineral N & WFPS (wheat-wheat) (cs update).csv 7826 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.19.2 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Collection date (0-5cm) Date sample collected from 0-5cm MM/DD/YYYY 0 Nitrate (0-5cm) Lime kgN/ha The amount of nitrate-N in 0-5cm. kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha The standard error of the previous column. kilogramsPerHectare natural Nitrate (0-5cm) No lime kgN/ha The amount of nitrate-N in 0-5cm kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha The standard error of the previous column. kilogramsPerHectare natural Ammonium (0-5cm) Lime kgN/ha The amount of NH4-N in 0-5cm. kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha Standard error of previous column. kilogramsPerHectare natural Ammonium (0-5cm) No lime kgN/ha The amount of NH4-N in 0-5cm. kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha The standard error of the previous column. kilogramsPerHectare natural WFPS (0-5cm) Lime % Water-filled pore space of 0-5cm. percentage natural SE % Standard error or previous column. percentage natural WFPS (0-5cm) No lime % Water-filled pore space of 0-5cm. percentage natural SE % Standard error or previous column. percentage natural Collection date (5-10cm) Date 5-10cm soiil sample collected. MM/DD/YYYY 0 Nitrate (5-10cm) Lime kgN/ha The amount of NO3-N in 5-10cm. kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha Standard error of previous column. kilogramsPerHectare natural Nitrate (5-10cm) No lime kgN/ha The amount of NO3-N in 5-10cm. kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha The standard error of the previous column. kilogramsPerHectare natural Ammonium (5-10cm) Lime kgN/ha The amount of NH4-N in 5-10cm. kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha The standard error of the previous column. kilogramsPerHectare natural Ammonium (5-10cm) No lime kgN/ha The amount of NH4-N in 5-10cm. kilogramsPerHectare natural SE kgN/ha The standard error of the previous column. kilogramsPerHectare natural WFPS (5-10cm) Lime % Water-filled pore space of 5-10cm. percentage natural SE % Standard error of the previous column. percentage natural WFPS (5-10cm) No lime % Water-filled pore space of 5-10cm. percentage natural SE % Standard error of previous column. percentage natural 59 Crop type & Management (wheat-wheat) Crop type & Manage (wheat-wheat).csv 1763 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.20.1 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all uid=sladek,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org read Description General description of parameter e.g., user defined Parameter Detailed description of crop, N fertiliser of harvest parameter. User defined Unit Unit (where applicable) of parameter User defined 2009 Values of parameters in 2009 User defined 2010 Values of parameters in 2010 User defined 50 Crop type & Management (lupin-wheat) Crop type & Manage (lupin-wheat).csv 1580 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.22.1 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Description General description of parameters User defined Parameter Description of crop, N fertiliser or harvest parameter User defined Unit Unit (where applicable) of defined parameter User defined 2009 Value of parameter in 2009 User defined 2010 Value of parameter in 2010 User defined 50 Crop Growth & Yield (lupin-wheat) Crop Growth & Yield (lupin-wheat) (cs update).csv 1444 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.24.2 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Date Date plant sample collected. MM/DD/YYYY 0 Plant Crop type. Text Plant stage Plant growth stage as defined by zaddock scale. Text Dry shoot Lime Dry mass of above ground biomass from lime plots. Determined after oven-drying at 60oC. kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. kilogramsPerHectare natural Dry shoot No lime Dry mass of above ground biomass from no lime plots. Determined after oven-drying at 60oC. kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. kilogramsPerHectare natural %N Lime N content of above ground biomass from lime . Determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. percentage natural %N No lime N content of above ground biomass from no lime plots. Determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. percentage natural %C Lime C content of above ground biomass from lime plots. Determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. percentage natural %C No lime C content of above ground biomass from no lime plots. Determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. percentage natural Grain Yield Lime Grain yield from lime plots. Determined after oven-drying at 60oC. tonnePerHectare natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. tonnePerHectare natural Grain Yield No Lime Grain yield from no lime plots Determined after oven-drying at 60oC. tonnePerHectare natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. tonnePerHectare natural Grain %N Lime N content of above grain from lime plots. Determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. percentage natural Grain %N No lime N content of above grain from no lime plots. Determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. percentage natural Grain %C Lime C content of above grain from lime plots. Determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. percentage natural Grain %C No lime C content of above grain from no lime plots. Determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of values in previous column percentage natural 15 Trace gas fluxes (lupin-wheat) N2O and CH4 fluxes from a lupin (year 1) and wheat (year 2) rotation Trace gas fluxes (lupin-wheat).csv 39072 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.25.4 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all N2O Flux Date Date Day that N2O flux measured MM-DD-YYYY 0 N2O-N Flux Lime Mean N2O-N flux for limed treatment Daily N2O flux as gN/ha/day from limed lupin-wheat plots. Value is a mean of three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural SE Standard error of mean for limed treatment Standard error of the value in the previous column. Value is calculated from three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural N2O Flux No lime Mean N2O-N flux for no lime treatment Daily N2O flux as gN/ha/day from the no lime lupin-wheat plots. Value is a mean of three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural SE Standard error of mean for no lime treatment Standard error of the value in the previous column. Value is calculated from three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural CH4 Flux Date Date Day that CH4 flux measured MM-DD-YYYY 0 CH4 Flux Lime Mean CH4-C flux for lime treatment Daily CH4 flux as gC/ha/day from the lime lupin-wheat plots. Value is a mean of three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural SE Standard error of mean for lime treatment Standard error of the value in the previous column. Value is calculated from three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural CH4 Flux No lime Mean CH4-C flux for no lime treatment Daily CH4 flux as gC/ha/day from the lime lupin-wheat plots. Value is a mean of three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural SE Standard error of mean for no lime treatment Standard error of the value in the previous column. Value is calculated from three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural 724 Trace gas fluxes (wheat-wheat) N2O and CH4 flux data for wheat (year 1) - wheat (year 2) rotation Trace gas fluxes (wheat-wheat).csv 38932 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.26.4 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all N2O-N Flux Date Date Day that N2O flux measured MM-DD-YYYY 0 N2O-N Flux Lime Mean N2O-N flux for limed treatment Daily N2O flux as gN/ha/day from limed wheat-wheat plots. Value is a mean of three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural SE Standard error of mean for lime treatment Standard error of the value in the previous column. Value is calculated from three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural N2O-N Flux No lime Mean N2O-N flux for no lime treatment Daily N2O flux as gN/ha/day from no lime wheat-wheat plots. Value is a mean of three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural SE Standard error of mean for no lime treatment Standard error of the value in the previous column. Value is calculated from three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural CH4-C Flux Date Date Day that CH4 flux measured. MM-DD-YYYY 0 CH4-C Flux Lime Mean CH4-C flux for lime treatment Daily CH4 flux as gC/ha/day from lime wheat-wheat plots. Value is a mean of three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural SE Standard error of mean for lime treatment Standard error of the value in the previous column. Value is calculated from three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural CH4-C Flux No lime Mean CH4-C flux for no lime treatment Daily CH4 flux as gC/ha/day from no lime wheat-wheat plots. Value is a mean of three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural SE Standard error of mean for no lime treatment Standard error of the value in the previous column. Value is calculated from three replicates. gramsPerHectarePerDay natural 724 pH (wheat-wheat) pH (wheat-wheat).csv 1395 1 #x0A column ,u ecogrid://knb/barton.42.1 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Collection date Date the soils were collected. DD-MM-YYYY 0 pH CaCl2 (0-5cm) Lime A measure of the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration, it gives a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm) and shaken in 0.01 M CaCl2 (1:5 soil : extract) for 1 h. Samples were centrifuged (10 min at a relative centrifugal force of 850 G) before measuring pH with a glass electrode. Reference: Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. (Inkata Press, Australia.) dimensionless natural SE The standard error of the previous column. dimensionless natural pH CaCl2 (0-5cm) No lime A measure of the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration, it gives a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm) and shaken in 0.01 M CaCl2 (1:5 soil : extract) for 1 h. Samples were centrifuged (10 min at a relative centrifugal force of 850 G) before measuring pH with a glass electrode. Reference: Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. (Inkata Press, Australia.) dimensionless natural SE The standard error of the previous column. dimensionless natural Collection date The date the soils were collected. DD-MM-YYYY 0 pH CaCl2 (5-10cm) Lime A measure of the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration, it gives a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm) and shaken in 0.01 M CaCl2 (1:5 soil : extract) for 1 h. Samples were centrifuged (10 min at a relative centrifugal force of 850 G) before measuring pH with a glass electrode. Reference: Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. (Inkata Press, Australia.) dimensionless natural SE The standard error of the previous column. dimensionless natural pH CaCl2 (5-10cm) No lime A measure of the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration, it gives a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm) and shaken in 0.01 M CaCl2 (1:5 soil : extract) for 1 h. Samples were centrifuged (10 min at a relative centrifugal force of 850 G) before measuring pH with a glass electrode. Reference: Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. (Inkata Press, Australia.) dimensionless natural SE The standard error of the previous column. dimensionless natural 26 pH (lupin-wheat) PH of soils in a lupin-wheat cropping rotation ph(lupin wheat).csv 1423 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.53.1 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Collection date The date the soils were collected. DD-MM-YYYY 0 pH CaCl2 (0-5cm) Lime A measure of the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration, it gives a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm) and shaken in 0.01 M CaCl2 (1:5 soil : extract) for 1 h. Samples were centrifuged (10 min at a relative centrifugal force of 850 G) before measuring pH with a glass electrode. Reference: Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. (Inkata Press, Australia.) dimensionless natural SE The standard error of the previous column. number natural pH CaCl2 (0-5cm) No lime A measure of the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration, it gives a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm) and shaken in 0.01 M CaCl2 (1:5 soil : extract) for 1 h. Samples were centrifuged (10 min at a relative centrifugal force of 850 G) before measuring pH with a glass electrode. Reference: Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. (Inkata Press, Australia.) number natural SE The standard error of the previous column number natural Collection date The date the soils were collected. DD-MM-YYYY 0 pH CaCl2 (5-10cm) Lime A measure of the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration, it gives a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm) and shaken in 0.01 M CaCl2 (1:5 soil : extract) for 1 h. Samples were centrifuged (10 min at a relative centrifugal force of 850 G) before measuring pH with a glass electrode. Reference: Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. (Inkata Press, Australia.) number natural SE Standard error of the previous column number natural pH CaCl2 (5-10cm) No lime A measure of the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration, it gives a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm) and shaken in 0.01 M CaCl2 (1:5 soil : extract) for 1 h. Samples were centrifuged (10 min at a relative centrifugal force of 850 G) before measuring pH with a glass electrode. Reference: Rayment, G.E and Higginson, F.R. (1992). Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. (Inkata Press, Australia.) number natural SE Standard error of the previous column number natural 26 Crop growth yield (wheat-wheat). Crop growth yield (wheat-wheat).csv 1480 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.54.2 uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Date Data collection date DD-MM-YYYY 0 Plant Crop type Wheat text Plant stage Stage of plant growth using zaddock scale 2-3 leaf text MS-4 Tillers-1-2 text Z33 text Z65 text Harvest text Dry shoot Lime Dry mass of above ground plant matter from limed plots. Determined after oven drying at 60oC. kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error of previous column kilogramsPerHectare natural Dry shoot No lime Dry mass of above ground plant matter from no lime plots. Determined after overn drying at 60oC. kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error of values in pervious column kilogramsPerHectare natural %N Lime Amount of N in above-ground material from limed plots. N content determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of value in the previous column percentage natural %N No lime Amount of N in above-ground material from no lime plots. N content determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser percentage natural SE Standard error of value in previous column percentage natural %C Lime Amount of C in above-ground material from lime plots. C content determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of value in previous column percentage natural %C No lime Amount of C in above-ground material from no lime plots. C content determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error values in previous column percentage natural Grain Yield Lime Grain yield of lime plots. Determined after oven-drying grain at 60oC. tonnePerHectare natural SE Standard error of values in previous column tonnePerHectare natural Grain Yield No Lime Grain yield of no lime plots. Determined after oven-drying grain at 60oC. tonnePerHectare natural SE Standard error of values in previous colum. tonnePerHectare natural Grain %N Lime N content of grain from lime plots. Determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of values in previous column percentage natural Grain %N No lime N content of grain from no lime plots. Determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. percentage natural Grain %C Lime C content of grain from lime plots. Determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of values in previous column. percentage natural Grain %C No lime C content of grain from no lime plots. Determined by combustion using a C-N-S analyser. percentage natural SE Standard error of values in previous column percentage natural 12 Climate Daily climate perameters Climate (cs update).csv 46747 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/barton.55.2 uid=barton,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Date Day the climatic variable was measured DD-MM-YYYY 0 Maximum Air Temp The maximum hourly air temperature measured on that date. celsius natural Minimium Air Temp The minimum hourly air pemperature measured on that date. celsius natural Solar radiation Daily cumulative solar radiation. Measured from midnight to midnight. MJ/m2/day megajoulespersquaremeterperday natural Precipitation Rain Amount of rainfall during a day. measured from 9am to 9am. milliliter natural Max Relative humidity The maximum hourly relative humidity measured on that date. Measured from midnight to midnight. percentage natural Min Relative humidity The minimum relative humidity measured on that date. measured from midnight to midnight. percentage natural Wind speed Daily wind speed The daily average wind speed metersPerSecond natural Soil temp: 5cm Soil temperature taken at a depth of 5cm . celsius natural Soil temp: 10cm Soil temperature taken at a depth of 10cm celsius natural Soil temp: 20cm Soil temperature taken at a depth of 20cm. celsius natural 785 microsemens per cm microsiemens per centimeter millieqivlents per 100 grams grams per cubic centimeter percentage Water Content Hydraulic conductivity Soil Carbon Total Nitrogen Total Carbon grams water per cubic centimeter microgramspergram Solar radition as MJ/m2?d