public read uid=datalibrarian,o=unaffiliated,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all Belyaeva the DEPI Research scientist This two-year study in the high rainfall (650-750 mm) cropping zone of Victoria investigated if late pasture termination reduces N2O fluxes in comparison with early termination whilst maintaining/improving crop productivity. Emissions were measured from four treatments: (i) continuous pasture where forage is removed for hay (MP), (ii) wheat sown into early terminated pasture (ET), (iii) wheat sown into late terminated pasture (LT) and (iv) spring planted forage brassica sown into late terminated pasture (SC). Nitrous oxide Pasture termination Soil For modelling purposes South-West Victoria 142.075882 142.21795788199998 -37.824226 -37.824226 2013-03-01 2014-02-28 the DEPI

Greenhouse gas emissions of N2O were measured over a period of 2 years commencing in March 2013. Moveable gas collection chambers (0.8 x 0.8 m wide x 0.5 m high) constructed from stainless steel and clear polycarbonate panels, with extensions (0.5 m) added to increase chamber height as the crop grows, were installed in each plot. The top surface panel of these automatic chambers is divided into two lids that open away from the top of the chamber to reduce rainfall interception. Chambers are clamped to open stainless steel base units (0.8 x 0.8 m wide x 0.15m depth); with two base units installed in each plot, 0.5 m apart, so that chamber position can be alternated within each plot on a weekly basis to minimise micro-climatic artefacts. The chambers were pressure-vented during closure time with two fans (80 mm dia. each), but programmed to be opened automatically if the temperature in the chamber exceeded 50oC or if the site received more than 0.5 mm rain in 5 minutes (in order to maintain water content under chambers similar to the rest of site). The concentrations of N2O in gas samples were measured using the following procedure. Chambers for each plot were closed for 30 minutes and open for 60 minutes, with each chamber sampled sequentially each 3 minutes over 30 minutes of closure period, with ten measurements during that time (30 seconds each). This allowed 16 measurements of flux rates per day for each individual chamber. The emissions were determined by calculating the linear increase in N2O concentration during the closure period (using least squares regressions) and corrected for air pressure, air chamber temperature and the chamber volume/area ratio. Flux values were tested for a significant linear trend based on a t-test. Data was discarded if there was no significant fit (ɑ=0.033) of values to the predicted linear model or chamber lids were opened due to rainfall or high temperature.

An automated gas sampling system was used to collect and analyse gas samples. The twelve automated gas chambers (one per plot) were integrated to an automated control sampling system connected to a tuneable diode laser trace gas analyser (TGA100, Cambell Scientific Inc., USA) and a non-dispersive infrared gas analyser (LI-840A, LI-COR I Biosciences Inc., USA) centrally located in a weather proof caravan with constant indoor microclimate maintained by automated air conditioning 1412032912451 Principal Investigator FDA, GADC,VicGoverment 1_climate_data.csv 1_climate_data.csv 13120 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.9.1 Date Date dd-mm-yyyy 0 Temperature daily min(C) Temperature daily min (C) celsius natural Temperature daily max(C) Temperature daily max (C) celsius natural Precipitation Rain (mm) Precipitation Rain (mm) precipitation, mm Cumulative solar radiation (MJ m2 day) Cumulative solar radiation (MJ m2 day) Solar radiation (MJ m2 day) Relative humidity av (%) Relative humidity average (%) % Wind speed av (km/hr) WInd speed average km/hr 365 Deep_ soil water cont and WFPS.csv Deep_ soil water cont and WFPS.csv 12343 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.15.1 Date Date dd-mm-yyyy 0 Volumetric water m3 m3 0-10 cm average Volumetric water m3 m3 0-10 cm average m3m3 Volumetric water m3 m3 10-20 cm average Volumetric water m3 m3 0-20 cm average m3 m3 WFPS % 0-10 cm WFPS % 0-10 cm % WFPS % 10-20 cm WFPS % 10-20 cm % 364 Ammonium N.csv Ammonium N.csv 600 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.17.1 date date mm-yyyy Ammonium N kg/ha Early Termination Ammonium N kg/ha kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Ammonium N kg/ha Mowed Pasture Ammonium N kg/ha Mowed Pasture kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Ammonium N kg/ha Late Termination Ammonium N kg/ha Late Termination kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Ammonium N kg/ha Spring Crops Ammonium N kg/ha Spring Crops kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error 10 Nitrate_N.csv Nitrate_N.csv 580 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.19.1 Date Date mm-yyyy Nitrate N kg/ha Early termination Nitrate N kg/ha Early termination kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Nitrate N kg/ha Mowed Pasture Nitrate N kg/ha Mowed Pasture kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Nitrate N kg/ha Late Termination Nitrate N kg/ha Late Termination kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Nitrate N kg/ha Spring Crops Nitrate N kg/ha Spring Crops ka/ha SE Standard error Standard error 10 TotalN.csv TotalN.csv 592 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.21.1 Data Data mm-yyyy Total N kg/ha Early termination Total N kg/ha Early termination kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Total N kg/ha Mowed Pasture Total N kg/ha Mowed Pasture kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Total N kg/ha Late Termination Total N kg/ha Late Termination kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Total N kg/ha Spring Crops Total N kg/ha Spring Crops kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error 10 C and N content, grain yield and above ground biomass of wheat, cv. Bolac .csv C and N content, grain yield and above ground biomass of wheat, cv. Bolac .csv 279 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.24.1 Trt treatment treatment Shoots kg/ha Shoots kg/ha kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Grain yield (kg/ha) Grain yield (kg/ha) kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Shoots C (%) Shoots C % % SE Standard error Standard error Shoots N (%) Shoots N (%) % SE Standard error Standard error Grain C (%) Grain C (%) % SE Standard error Standard error Grain N (%) Grain N (%) % SE Standard error Standard error 2 Above ground biomass (pasture).csv Above ground biomass (pasture).csv 137 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.27.1 Treatment Treatment Treatment July_2013 July_2013 mm-yyyy SE Standard error Standard error Sept_2013 Sept_2013 mm-yyyy SE Standard error Standard error Oct_2013 Oct_2013 mm/yyyy SE Standard error Standard error Nov_2013 Nov_2013 mm-yyyy SE Standard error Standard error Dec_2013 Dec_2013 mm-yyyy SE Standard error Standard error 1 Above ground biomass (forage brassica).csv Above ground biomass (forage brassica).csv 90 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.28.1 Treatment treatment treatment Feb-14 Feb-14 mm/yyyy SE Standard error Standard error Apr-14 Apr-14 mm/yyy SE Standard error Standard error May-14 May-14 mm/yyyy SE Standard error Standard error 1 C and N content above ground biomass (pasture) %.csv C and N content above ground biomass (pasture) %.csv 326 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.29.1 Treatment Treatment Treatment C % July 2013 C % July 2013 % SE Standard error Standard error N % July 2013 N % July 2013 % SE Standard error Standard error C % July 2013 C % July 2013 % SE Standard error Standard error N % July 2013 N % July 2013 % SE Standard error Standard error C % July 2013 C % July 2013 % SE Standard error Standard error N % July 2013 N % July 2013 % SE Standard error Standard error C % July 2013 C % July 2013 % SE Standard error Standard error N % July 2013 N % July 2013 % SE Standard error Standard error C % July 2013 C % July 2013 % SE Standard error Standard error N % July 2013 N % July 2013 % SE Standard error Standard error 1 C and N content above ground biomass (forage brassica), %.csv C and N content above ground biomass (forage brassica), %.csv 203 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.31.1 Treatment Treatment Forage brassica Treatment C % Feb 2014 C % Feb 2014 % SE Standard error Standard error N % Feb 2014 N % Feb 2014 % SE Standard error Standard error C % Apr 2014 C % Apr 2014 % SE Standard error Standard error N % 2014 N % 2014 % SE Standard error Standard error C % May 2014 C % May 2014 % SE Standard error Standard error N % May 2014 N % May 2014 % SE Standard error Standard error 1 Emissions_data.csv Emissions_data.csv 37843 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.35.1 TIMESTAMP data dd/mm/yyyy 0 rep replica replica Early Termination (g /ha/day) Early Termination (g /ha/day) gramsPerHectarePerDay natural Mowed Pasture (g /ha/day) Mowed Pasture (g /ha/day) gramsPerHectarePerDay natural Late Termination (g /ha/day) Late Termination (g /ha/day) gramsPerHectarePerDay natural Spring Crop (g /ha/day) Spring Crop (g /ha/day) gramsPerHectarePerDay natural 1095 Soil_water_5cm.csv Soil_water_5cm.csv 72862 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.40.1 TIMESTAMP data dd/mm/yyyy 0 rep replica replica Early Termination Volumetric water (5 cm depth) m3 m3 Early Termination Volumetric water (5 cm depth) m3 cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters natural Mowed Pasture Volumetric water (5 cm depth) m3 m3 Mowed Pasture Volumetric water (5 cm depth) m3 m3 cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters natural Late Termination Volumetric water (5 cm depth) m3 m3 Late Termination Volumetric water (5 cm depth) m3 m3 cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters natural Spring Crops Volumetric water (5 cm depth) m3 m3 Spring Crops Volumetric water (5 cm depth) m3 m3 cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters natural 1095 Soil_Temp_5cm.csv Soil_Temp_5cm.csv 43652 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.41.1 TIMESTAMP data dd/mm/yyyy 0 rep replica replica Eearly termination t soil 5cm Eearly termination t soil 5cm depth celsius natural Mowed Pasture t soil 5 cm Mowed Pasture t soil 5 cm depth celsius natural Late Termination t soil 5 cm Late Termination t soil 5 cm depth celsius natural Spring Crop t soil 5 cm Spring Crop t soil 5 cm depth celsius natural 1196 WFPS 5cm.csv WFPS 5cm.csv 42085 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/bel.43.1 TIMESTAMP data dd/mm/yyyy 0 rep replica replica Early Termination WFPS(%) 5 cm depth Early Termination WFPS(%) 5 cm depth % Mowed Pasture WFPS (%) 5 cm depth Mowed Pasture WFPS (%) 5 cm depth % Late Termination WFPS (%) 5 cm depth Late Termination WFPS (%) 5 cm depth % Spring Crop WFPS (%) 5 cm depth Spring Crop WFPS (%) 5 cm depth % 1095 2_Emissions_data.csv N2O.csv 32407 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.11.1 Date date date 0 Replicates Replicates replicates Early termination treatment gramsPerHectarePerDay natural Mowed Pasture treatment gramsPerHectarePerDay natural Late termiantion treatment gramsPerHectarePerDay natural Spring Crop treatment gramsPerHectarePerDay natural 1100 2_WFPS_5cm.csv WFPS_5cm.csv 29357 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.12.1 TIMESTAMP Data DD-MM-YYYY 0 rep replicates replicates Early termination WFPS,% % Mowed pasture WFPS, % % Late termination WFPS, % % Spring Crop WFPS, % % 1192 2_Soil_temp_5cm.csv Soil_temp_5cm.csv 33567 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.13.1 TIMESTAMP date DD-MM-YYYY 0 rep replicates replicates Early termination t soil, 5 cm celsius natural Mowed Pasture t soil, 5 cm celsius natural Late termination t soil, 5 cm celsius natural Spring Crop t soil, 5 cm celsius natural 1096 2_Emissions_data_CO2.csv 2_Emissions_data_CO2.csv 58925 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.17.1 TIMESTAMP date date rep replicates replicates Early termination g CO2-C/ha/day gramsPerHectarePerDay natural Mowed pasture g CO2-C/ha/day gramsPerHectarePerDay natural Late termination g CO2-C/ha/day gramsPerHectarePerDay natural Spring Crop g CO2-C/ha/day gramsPerHectarePerDay natural 1095 1_Emissions_data_CO2.csv 1_Emissions_data_CO2.csv 55473 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.18.1 Timestamp Date DD-MM-YYYY 0 Replicates replicates replicates Early termination g CO2-C g/ha/day gramsPerHectarePerDay natural Mowed pasture g CO2-C g/ha/day gramsPerHectarePerDay natural Late termination g CO2-C g/ha/day gramsPerHectarePerDay natural Spring Crop g CO2-C g/ha/day gramsPerHectarePerDay natural 1095 2_Soil_water_5cm.csv 2_Soil_water_5cm.csv 36558 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.19.1 Date Date date Replicates Replicates Replicates Early Terminatin m3 m3 m3 m3 Mowed pasture m3 m3 m3 m3 Late Termination m3 m3 m3 m3 Spring Crop m3 m3 m3 m3 1099 2_Ammonium_N.csv 2_Ammonium_N.csv 599 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.20.1 Date Date March_2014 MM-YYYY Apr_2014 MM-YYYY May_2014 MM-YYYY June_2014 MM-YYYY July_2014 MM-YYYY Aug_2014 MM-YYYY Sept_2014 MM-YYYY Oct_2014 MM-YYYY Nov_2014 MM-YYYY Dec_2014 MM-YYYY Jan_2015 MM-YYYY Feb_2015 MM-YYYY Ammonium N kg/ha Early terminaion NH4-N kg/ha kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error Standard error Ammonium N kg/ha Mowed Pasture NH4-N kg/ha kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error Standard error Ammonium N kg/ha Late Termination NH4-N kg/ha kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error Standard error Ammonium N kg/ha Spring Crop NH4-N kg/ha kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error Standard error 12 2_Nitrate_N.csv 2_Nitrate_N.csv 484 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.21.1 Date Date March_2014 MM-YYYY Apr_2014 MM-YYYY May_2014 MM-YYYY June_2014 MM-YYYY July_2014 MM-YYYY Aug_2014 MM-YYYY Sept_2014 MM-YYYY Oct_2014 MM-YYYY Nov_2014 MM-YYYY Dec_2014 MM-YYYY Jan_2015 MM-YYYY Feb_2015 MM-YYYY Nitrate N kg/ha Early termination NO3-N kg/ha kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error Standard error Nitrate N kg/ha Mowed Pasture NO3-N kg/ha kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error Standard error Nitrate N kg/ha Late Termination NO3-N kg/ha kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error Standard error Nitrate N kg/ha Late Termination NO3-N kg/ha kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error Standard error 12 2_Total_N.csv 2_Total_N.csv 503 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.22.1 Date Date March_2014 MM-YYYY Apr_2014 MM-YYYY May_2014 MM-YYYY June_2014 MM-YYYY July_2014 MM-YYYY Aug_2014 MM-YYYY Sept_2014 MM-YYYY Oct_2014 MM-YYYY Nov_2014 MM-YYYY Dec_2014 MM-YYYY Jan_2015 MM-YYYY Feb_2015 MM-YYYY Total N kg/ha Early termination Total N kg/ha kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error Standard error Total N kg/ha Mowed Pasture Total N kg/ha kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error Standard error Total N N kg/ha Late Termination Total N kg/ha kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error kilogramsPerHectare natural Total N kg/ha Late Termination Total N kg/ha kilogramsPerHectare natural SE Standard error kilogramsPerHectare natural 12 2_Above_ground_biomass(pasture).csv 2_Above_ground_biomass(pasture).csv 143 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.24.1 Treatment Treatment mowed pasture Treatment mowed pasture Apr_2014 DM biomass kg/ha DM biomass kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error July_2014 DM biomass kg/ha DM biomass kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Sep_2014 DM biomass kg/ha DM biomass kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Nov_2014 DM biomass kg/ha DM biomass kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Feb_2015 DM biomass kg/ha DM biomass kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error 1 2_C and N_content_above_ground_biomass(pasture).csv 2_CandN_content_above_ground_biomass(pasture).csv 253 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.25.1 Treatment Treatment Mowed Pasture Treatment Mowed Pasture C% Apr_2014 C content, % C content, % SE Standard error Standard error N% Apr_2014 N content, % N content, % SE Standard error Standard error C % July_2014 C content, % C content, % SE Standard error Standard error N% July_2014 N content, % N content, % SE Standard error Standard error C% Sept_2014 C content, % C content, % SE Standard error Standard error N% Sept_2014 N content, % N content, % SE Standard error Standard error C% Nov_2014 C content, % C content, % SE Standard error Standard error N% Nov_2014 N content, % N content, % SE Standard error Standard error C% Feb_2014 C content, % C content, % SE Standard error Standard error N% Feb_2014 N content, % N content, % SE Standard error Standard error 1 2_CandN content_grain yield and above ground biomass (oat, cv.Wombat).csv 2_CandN content_grain yield and above ground biomass (oat, cv.Wombat).csv 343 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.29.1 Treatment Treatment Treatment Shoots (kg/ha) Shoots, DM kg/ha Shoots, DM kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error Grain (kg/ga) Grain, kg/ha Grain, kg/ha SE Standard error Standard error C shoots (%) C content, % C content, % SE Standard error Standard error N shoots (%) N content, % N content, % SE Standard error Standard error C grain (%) C content, % C content, % SE Standard error Standard error N grain (%) N content, % N content, % SE Standard error Standard error 3 2 Deep Soil water cont and WFPS.csv 2 Deep Soil water cont and WFPS.csv 10782 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.31.1 Date Date DD-MM-YYYY 0 Replicates Replicates Replicates Volumetric water (m3 m3) 0-10 cm Volumetric water 0-10 cm depth m3 m3 Volumetric water (m3 m3) 10-20 cm Volumetric water 10-20 cm depth m3 m3 WFPS (%) 0-10 cm WFPS 0-10 cm depth % WFPS (%) 10-20 cm WFPS 10-20 cm depth % 365 2_climate_data.csv 2_climate_data.csv 16124 1 #x0A column , ecogrid://knb/belyaeva.32.1 TIMESTAMP date DD-MM-YYYY 0 Temperature daily min ( °C ) Temperature daily min ( °C ) celsius natural Temperature daily max ( °C ) Temperature daily max ( °C ) celsius natural Precipitation Rain (mm) Precipitation Rain (mm) Precipitation Rain (mm) Cumulative Solar Radiation MJ m2 day Cumulative Solar Radiation MJ m2 day Cumulative Solar Radiation MJ m2 day Relative humidity av (%) Relative humidity average (%) Relative humidity av (%) Wind speed av km/hr Wind speed average km/hr Wind speed av km/hr 430