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Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Sorghum Crops with Distinct Cropping Histories. Kingaroy, Queensland, 2012 - 2013 [Theme: Integrated Cotton and Grain Cropping Systems]
Mr.
Massimiliano
De Antoni Migliorati
Institute for Future Environments, Healthy Ecosystems and Environmental Monitoring
Sessional Academic
Queensland University of Technology
Brisbane
QLD
4001
Australia
+61 7 3138 1360
max.deantonimigliorati@qut.edu.au
Ms.
Siobhann
McCafferty
Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology
Data Librarian
2 George Street
Brisbane
QLD
4001
Australia
+61 7 3138 0457
siobhann.mccafferty@qut.edu.au
Custodian/Steward
N2O emissions were measured in plots planted with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) following two distinct cropping histories. One crop rotation (hereafter called legume ley pasture-cereal) included two seasons of alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa, L., summers 2009/2010 and 2010/2011), one season of maize (Zea mays, L., summer 2011/2012) and one season of sulla pasture (Hedysarum coronarium L., winter 2012) prior to sowing sorghum. The other crop rotation (hereafter called grass ley pasture-cereal) consisted of two seasons of a mixed rhodes grass (Chloris gayana, K.) and alfalfa pasture (summers 2009/2010 and 2010/2011), one season of maize (Zea mays, L., summer 2011/2012) and one season of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., winter 2012). Both crops were terminated in November 2012 with all residues returned to the soil as a mulch before being incorporated into the soil with four shallow cultivations.
Two N fertilisation rates were tested on each cropping history, resulting in a total of four treatments. The first N application rate was designed to achieve maximum yield potential and was representative of farming practices of the region. The synthetic N rate used in L70 was reduced compared to G100 to assess whether the estimated 30 kg N ha-1 resulting from the mineralisation of the sulla residues would have been available to sorghum.
N2O
Nitrous oxide
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Sorghum
Kingaroy
Legumes
Crop Rotation
Wheat
Sulla
Urea
QLD
0502
anzsrc-for
Please contact the owner for permission to use this data.
Bjelke-Petersen Research Station, Kingaroy, Queensland
151.83
151.83
-26.58
-26.58
2012-12-12
2013-09-19
Genus
Chloris
Species
Gayana
Rhodes Grass
Genus
Hedysarum
Species
Coronarium
Sulla
Genus
Medicago
Species
Sativa
Alfalfa
Genus
Sorghum
Species
Bicolor
Sorghum
Genus
Triticum
Species
Aestivum
Wheat
Genus
Zea
Species
Mays
Maize
1357781238252
Local Climate and Soil Characteristics
The experiment was conducted at the J. Bjelke Petersen Research Station of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF). The research site is located in Kingaroy (26°58’16,8’’ Latitude South, 151°82’85.3’’ Longitude East, altitude 441 m a.s.l), in the southern inland Burnett region of southeast Queensland, Australia. The climate is subtropical (Cfa, according to Köppen climate classification) with warm, humid summers and mild winters. Daily mean maximum and minimum temperatures range from 20.1°C to 4.0°C in winter and from 29.6°C to 16.5°C in summer, respectively. Local mean annual precipitation is 776.2 mm and varies from a minimum of 28.6 mm in August to a maximum of 114.1 mm in January (Australian Bureau of Meteorology). The soil is a Brown Ferrosol (Australian Soil Classification of Isbell (2002)), characterized by a relatively slow permeability and a high clay content (50-65% clay). The effective rooting zone reaches 1.4 m of and the water holding capacity is 100 mm. The physical and chemical soil properties of the field site are listed in Table 1.
Experimental Setup
The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment. Each plot measured 12 m in length x 7.2 m wide and included eight crop rows. Buffer zones of 1.8 m and 1.5 m separated the parcels along their width and length, respectively.
N2O emissions were measured in plots planted with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) following two distinct cropping histories. One crop rotation (hereafter called legume ley pasture-cereal) included two seasons of alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa, L., summers 2009/2010 and 2010/2011), one season of maize (Zea mays, L., summer 2011/2012) and one season of sulla pasture (Hedysarum coronarium L., winter 2012) prior to sowing sorghum. The other crop rotation (hereafter called grass ley pasture-cereal) consisted of two seasons of a mixed rhodes grass (Chloris gayana, K.) and alfalfa pasture (summers 2009/2010 and 2010/2011), one season of maize (Zea mays, L., summer 2011/2012) and one season of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., winter 2012). Even though the mixed pasture alfalfa was sown in consociation with rhodes grass, rhodes grass took rapidly over and by the end of the first season the pasture wall almost completely composed by rhodes grass. All crops in both rotations were unfertilised. Sulla and wheat were direct drilled in August 2012 and managed as forage crops. Both crops were terminated in November 2012 with all residues returned to the soil as a mulch before being incorporated into the soil with four shallow cultivations (20 cm). The incorporation of sulla residues (2.3 t dry mater ha-1, 1.57% N) was estimated to supply to the soil approximately 36 kg N ha-1, while wheat residues (1.24 t dry mater ha-1, 0.75% N) about 9 kg N ha-1. The whole field trial was irrigated with 20 mm three days before plots were planted to sorghum on 12 December 2012. Sorghum (cultivar Pioneer G22) was planted with a plant density of 7 plants/m2 and an inter-row space of 98 cm.
Growth and Harvest
Treatments G100 and L70 were base dressed at planting banding 20 kg N ha-1 as urea. On 15 January 2013, at growth stage 3 (eight leaf stage), both treatments were inter-row cultivated and side dressed with banded urea, receiving 80 kg N ha-1 (G100) and 50 kg N ha-1 (L70). The N application rate for G100 was designed to achieve maximum yield potential and was representative of farming practices of the region. The synthetic N rate used in L70 was reduced compared to G100 to assess whether the estimated 30 kg N ha-1 resulting from the mineralisation of the sulla residues would have been available to sorghum.
To prevent water stress limiting the potential yields, the trial was irrigated three times over the season (25 mm on 18 December 2012, 40 mm on 4 January 2013, 40 mm on January 18 January). On each event all treatments were irrigated with sprinklers using surface stored dam water.
Sorghum was harvested on 18 June 2013. The trial area was left fallow until being cultivated on 6 August 2013 (offset disc and chisel plough to a depth of 20 cm) and on 19 September 2013 (offset disc to a depth of 20 cm) to prepare the seedbed for the next crop. On 27 and 29 August 2013 two rain events were simulated irrigating all plots with 30 and 40 mm, respectively to assess whether significant amounts of N were still available for denitrification after harvest.
December 2012 - September 2013
Two N fertilisation rates were tested on each cropping history, resulting in a total of four treatments:
· Sorghum in legume ley pasture-cereal rotation, no fertilisation (L0);
· Sorghum in legume ley pasture-cereal rotation, sorghum fertilised with a total of 70 Kg N ha-1 (L70).
· Sorghum in grass ley pasture-cereal rotation, no fertilisation (G0);
· Sorghum in grass ley pasture-cereal rotation, sorghum fertilised with a total of 100 Kg N ha-1 (G100);
Treatments G100 and L70 were base dressed at planting banding 20 kg N ha-1 as urea. On 15 January 2013, at growth stage 3 (eight leaf stage), both treatments were inter-row cultivated and side dressed with banded urea, receiving 80 kg N ha-1 (G100) and 50 kg N ha-1 (L70). The N application rate for G100 was designed to achieve maximum yield potential and was representative of farming practices of the region. The synthetic N rate used in L70 was reduced compared to G100 to assess whether the estimated 30 kg N ha-1 resulting from the mineralisation of the sulla residues would have been available to sorghum.
kingaroy_sorghum_climate.csv
Climate data for Kingaroy trial site
kingaroy_sorghum_climate.csv
9912
1
#x0A
column
,
ecogrid://knb/datalibrarian.160.1
Date
Date
Date of sampling
DD-MM-YYYY
1 day
Daily Air Temperature -Weather station- Aver min-max (°C)
Daily Average Temperature
The daily average temperature as recorded by onsite weather station
celsius
real
Minimum daily temperature (°C)
Minimum daily temperature
The minimum daily temperature as recorded by onsite weather station
celsius
real
Maximum daily temperature (°C)
Maximum daily temperature
The maximum daily temperature as recorded by onsite weather station
celsius
real
Soil T 0-10cm (°C)
Soil temperature measured between 0-10cm below surface
celsius
real
Rainfall+Irrigation (mm)
Amount of water applied to crops as sum of rainfall and irrigation totals
millimeter
real
282
kingaroy sorghum gas emissions.csv
Gas emissions data from Kingaroy sorghum trial
kingaroy sorghum gas emissions.csv
15343
1
#x0A
column
,
ecogrid://knb/datalibrarian.161.1
Date
Date
DD-MM-YYYY
0
Legume 70N treatment N2O (g N-N2O /day/ha)
N2O Flux from 70N fertilised legume rotation plot measured in g/day/ha
N2O Flux
Legume 0N treatment N2O (g N-N2O /day/ha)
N2O Flux from unfertilised legume rotation plot measured in g/day/ha
N2O Flux
Grass 100N treatment N2O (g N-N2O /day/ha)
N2O Flux from 100N fertilised grass rotation plot measured in g/day/ha
N2O Flux
Grass 0N treatment N2O (g N-N2O /day/ha)
N2O Flux from unfertilised grass rotation plot
N2O Flux
Legume 70 N treatment CO2 INTERROW chamber (kg CO2-C /ha/day)
CO2 Flux from 70N fertilised legume rotation plot measured in g/day/ha
CO2 Flux
Legume 0 N treatment CO2 INTERROW chamber (kg CO2-C /ha/day)
CO2 Flux from unfertilised legume rotation plot measured in g/day/ha
CO2 Flux
Grass 100 N treatment CO2 INTERROW chamber (kg CO2-C /ha/day)
CO2 Flux from 100N fertilised grass rotation plot measured in g/day/ha
CO2 Flux
Grass 0 N treatment CO2 INTERROW chamber (kg CO2-C /ha/day)
CO2 Flux from unfertilised grass rotation plot measured in g/day/ha
CO2 Flux
282
kingaroy sorghum soil.csv
Soil data from Kingaroy sorghum trial
kingaroy sorghum soil.csv
10863
1
#x0A
column
,
ecogrid://knb/datalibrarian.162.1
Date
Date
DD-MM-YYYY
0
WFPS 0-10 cm (%)
Percentage of Water Filled Pore Space from 0-10cm below the surface
number
real
WFPS 10-20 cm (%)
Percentage of Water Filled Pore Space from 10-20cm below the surface
number
real
WFPS 20-30 cm (%)
Percentage of Water Filled Pore Space from 20-30cm below the surface
number
real
Legume 70 N treatment NO3 0-30 cm (kg N-NO3 /ha)
Kilograms of soil N as Nitrate per hectare, measured between 0-30cm below surface. 70N fertilised legume plot.
kilogramsPerHectare
real
Legume 0 N treatment NO3 0-30 cm (kg N-NO3 /ha)
Kilograms of soil N as Nitrate per hectare, measured between 0-30cm below surface. Unfertilised legume plot.
kilogramsPerHectare
real
Grass 100 N treatment NO3 0-30 cm (kg N-NO3 /ha)
Kilograms of soil N as Nitrate per hectare, measured between 0-30cm below surface. 100N fertilised grass plot.
kilogramsPerHectare
real
Grass 0 N treatment NO3 0-30 cm (kg N-NO3 /ha)
Kilograms of soil N as Nitrate per hectare, measured between 0-30cm below surface. Unfertilised grass plot.
kilogramsPerHectare
real
Legume 70 N treatment NH4 0-30 cm (kg N-NH4 /ha)
Kilograms of soil N as Ammonium per hectare, measured between 0-30cm below surface. 70N fertilised legume plot.
kilogramsPerHectare
real
Legume 0 N treatment NH4 0-30 cm (kg N-NH4 /ha)
Kilograms of soil N as Ammonium per hectare, measured between 0-30cm below surface. Unfertilised legume plot.
kilogramsPerHectare
real
Grass 100 N treatment NH4 0-30 cm (kg N-NH4 /ha)
Kilograms of soil N as Ammonium per hectare, measured between 0-30cm below surface. 100N fertilised grass plot.
kilogramsPerHectare
real
Grass 0 N treatment NH4 0-30 cm (kg N-NH4 /ha)
Kilograms of soil N as Ammonium per hectare, measured between 0-30cm below surface. Unfertilised grass plot.
kilogramsPerHectare
real
282
Kingaroy Sorghum_full
Kingaroy Sorghum.xlsx
application/vnd.ms-excel
ecogrid://knb/datalibrarian.200.1
Site
Site information
text and tables
Climate
Kingaroy climate data
text and tables
Soil Mineral N
Soil Mineral N data
text and tables
Average daily N2O fluxes
Flux data
Text and tables
Kingaroy Sorghum Summary
Summary data
Text and tables
Kingaroy_Sorghum_methodology
Kingaroy_sorghum_Methodology.pdf
PDF
ecogrid://knb/datalibrarian.201.1
Article text
Text in PDF
text and table
Kingaroy_Sorghum_Results
Kingaroy_Sorghum_Results.pdf
PDF
ecogrid://knb/datalibrarian.202.1
Results text
Text in PDF
Text and table