Publications
Acta Horticulturae Agriculture Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment Animal Production Science Biogeosciences Biology and Fertility of Soils Ecological Applications Ecological Modelling Ecosystems and Environment European Journal of Agronomy Global Change Biology Improved process understanding and new technologies Inhibitors for reducing emissions International Initiative Conference 2016 IOSR Journal of Engineering Nature Scientific Reports Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems Plant and Soil Program co-ordination Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Reducing emissions through improved nitrogen use efficiency Science of the Total Environment Scientific Reports Soil Biology and Biochemistry Soil carbon in nitrous oxide emissions Soil Research 50 Soil Research 54 SpringerPlus Urban Ecosystems WIREs Climate Change
2015 |
Lam, Shu Kee; Suter, Helen; Davies, Rohan; Bai, Mei; Sun, Jianlei; Chen, Deli Measurement and mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions from a high nitrogen input vegetable system Journal Article Scientific Reports, 5 (8208), 2015. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inhibitors for reducing emissions @article{Lam2015, title = {Measurement and mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions from a high nitrogen input vegetable system}, author = {Shu Kee Lam and Helen Suter and Rohan Davies and Mei Bai and Jianlei Sun and Deli Chen}, doi = {10.1038/srep08208}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-05-06}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {5}, number = {8208}, abstract = {The emission and mitigation of nitrous oxide (N_{2}O) from high nitrogen (N) vegetable systems is not well understood. Nitrification inhibitors are widely used to decrease N_{2}O emissions in many cropping systems. However, most N_{2}O flux measurements and inhibitor impacts have been made with small chambers and have not been investigated at a paddock-scale using micrometeorological techniques. We quantified N_{2}O fluxes over a four ha celery paddock using open-path Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with a backward Lagrangian stochastic model, in addition to using a closed chamber technique. The celery crop was grown on a sandy soil in southern Victoria, Australia. The emission of N_{2}O was measured following the application of chicken manure and N fertilizer with and without the application of a nitrification inhibitor 3, 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP). The two techniques consistently demonstrated that DMPP application reduced N_{2}O emission by 37–44%, even though the N_{2}O fluxes measured by a micrometeorological technique were more than 10 times higher than the small chamber measurements. The results suggest that nitrification inhibitors have the potential to mitigate N_{2}O emission from intensive vegetable production systems, and that the national soil N_{2}O emission inventory assessments and modelling predictions may vary with gas measurement techniques.}, keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The emission and mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) from high nitrogen (N) vegetable systems is not well understood. Nitrification inhibitors are widely used to decrease N2O emissions in many cropping systems. However, most N2O flux measurements and inhibitor impacts have been made with small chambers and have not been investigated at a paddock-scale using micrometeorological techniques. We quantified N2O fluxes over a four ha celery paddock using open-path Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with a backward Lagrangian stochastic model, in addition to using a closed chamber technique. The celery crop was grown on a sandy soil in southern Victoria, Australia. The emission of N2O was measured following the application of chicken manure and N fertilizer with and without the application of a nitrification inhibitor 3, 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP). The two techniques consistently demonstrated that DMPP application reduced N2O emission by 37–44%, even though the N2O fluxes measured by a micrometeorological technique were more than 10 times higher than the small chamber measurements. The results suggest that nitrification inhibitors have the potential to mitigate N2O emission from intensive vegetable production systems, and that the national soil N2O emission inventory assessments and modelling predictions may vary with gas measurement techniques. |
2014 |
Bai, Mei; Suter, Helen; Lam, Shu Kee; Sun, Jianlei; Chen, Deli Use of open-path FTIR and inverse dispersion technique to quantify gaseous nitrogen loss from an intensive vegetable production site. Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 94 , pp. 687–691, 2014. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inhibitors for reducing emissions @article{Bai2014, title = {Use of open-path FTIR and inverse dispersion technique to quantify gaseous nitrogen loss from an intensive vegetable production site.}, author = {Mei Bai and Helen Suter and Shu Kee Lam and Jianlei Sun and Deli Chen }, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.013}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-09-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {94}, pages = {687–691}, abstract = {An open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopic technique in combination with a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) dispersion model (WindTrax) can be used to simultaneously measure gaseous emissions of N2O, NH3, CH4 and CO2. We assessed the capability of this technique for measuring NH3 and N2O emissions following the application of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), Nitrophoska (NPK) and chicken manure on a celery farm at Boneo, Victoria, during April and May 2013. We found that the OP-FTIR/WindTrax method was able to measure the diurnal variation in NH3 flux from the field site following application of chicken manure with measured emissions ranging from approximately 0.1–9.8 kg NH3–N ha−1 day−1. The OP-FTIR/WindTrax method also detected a diurnal variation in N2O flux of 1.5–6.2 kg N2O–N ha−1 day−1 and N2O flux increased in response to application of the Ca(NO3)2. We concluded that the OP-FTIR/WindTrax technique can quantify gaseous N loss from vegetable production systems.}, keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopic technique in combination with a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) dispersion model (WindTrax) can be used to simultaneously measure gaseous emissions of N2O, NH3, CH4 and CO2. We assessed the capability of this technique for measuring NH3 and N2O emissions following the application of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), Nitrophoska (NPK) and chicken manure on a celery farm at Boneo, Victoria, during April and May 2013. We found that the OP-FTIR/WindTrax method was able to measure the diurnal variation in NH3 flux from the field site following application of chicken manure with measured emissions ranging from approximately 0.1–9.8 kg NH3–N ha−1 day−1. The OP-FTIR/WindTrax method also detected a diurnal variation in N2O flux of 1.5–6.2 kg N2O–N ha−1 day−1 and N2O flux increased in response to application of the Ca(NO3)2. We concluded that the OP-FTIR/WindTrax technique can quantify gaseous N loss from vegetable production systems. |
2013 |
Suter, Helen; Sultana, Humaira; Turner, Debra; Davies, Rohan; Walker, Charlie; Chen, Deli Influence of urea fertiliser formulation, urease inhibitor and season on ammonia loss from ryegrass Journal Article Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 95 (2), 2013. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inhibitors for reducing emissions @article{Suter2013, title = {Influence of urea fertiliser formulation, urease inhibitor and season on ammonia loss from ryegrass}, author = {Helen Suter and Humaira Sultana and Debra Turner and Rohan Davies and Charlie Walker and Deli Chen}, doi = {10.1007/s10705-013-9556-y}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-03-01}, journal = {Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems}, volume = {95}, number = {2}, abstract = {This paper reports the results of experiments to determine whether ammonia (NH3) loss can be reduced and nitrogen (N) use efficiency improved by using two relatively new commercial urea formulations rather than granular urea and urea ammonium nitrate. Four nitrogen treatments were applied at a rate of 40 kg N ha−1: granular urea, ‘Green Urea™ 14’ [containing 45.8 % N as urea and ‘Agrotain®’ (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) @ 5 L t−1 of urea as a urease inhibitor], ‘Nhance’, a fine particle spray [containing 46 % N as urea, ‘Agrotain’ @ 1 L t−1 of urea and gibberellic acid (applied at a rate of 10 g ha−1)] and urea ammonium nitrate in solution (UAN) surface applied. Ammonia loss was determined in autumn and spring using a micrometeorological method. In autumn, use of the Green Urea and Nhance reduced NH3 loss from the 30 % of applied N lost from the granular urea to 9 and 23 % respectively. Loss from all treatments in spring was very small (<2 % of applied N), because 4 mm of rain fell within 24 h of application onto an already wet site. The use of the Nhance and Green Urea instead of granular urea did not result in increased agronomic efficiency or recovery efficiency of the applied N, and this is most likely due to the presence of sufficient available N from both fertiliser application and the soil. A 15N study recovered 72.8 % of the applied N in the plants and soil, and showed that 30 % of the total N taken up by the plant was derived from the fertiliser, and 70 % from the soil. }, keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper reports the results of experiments to determine whether ammonia (NH3) loss can be reduced and nitrogen (N) use efficiency improved by using two relatively new commercial urea formulations rather than granular urea and urea ammonium nitrate. Four nitrogen treatments were applied at a rate of 40 kg N ha−1: granular urea, ‘Green Urea™ 14’ [containing 45.8 % N as urea and ‘Agrotain®’ (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) @ 5 L t−1 of urea as a urease inhibitor], ‘Nhance’, a fine particle spray [containing 46 % N as urea, ‘Agrotain’ @ 1 L t−1 of urea and gibberellic acid (applied at a rate of 10 g ha−1)] and urea ammonium nitrate in solution (UAN) surface applied. Ammonia loss was determined in autumn and spring using a micrometeorological method. In autumn, use of the Green Urea and Nhance reduced NH3 loss from the 30 % of applied N lost from the granular urea to 9 and 23 % respectively. Loss from all treatments in spring was very small (<2 % of applied N), because 4 mm of rain fell within 24 h of application onto an already wet site. The use of the Nhance and Green Urea instead of granular urea did not result in increased agronomic efficiency or recovery efficiency of the applied N, and this is most likely due to the presence of sufficient available N from both fertiliser application and the soil. A 15N study recovered 72.8 % of the applied N in the plants and soil, and showed that 30 % of the total N taken up by the plant was derived from the fertiliser, and 70 % from the soil. |
2010 |
Suter, Helen; Chen, Deli; Li, Huilin; Edis, Robert; Walker, Charlie Reducing N2O emissions from nitrogen fertilisers with the nitrification inhibitor DMPP Journal Article pp. 205-207, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 205-207.). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inhibitors for reducing emissions @article{Suter2010b, title = {Reducing N_{2}O emissions from nitrogen fertilisers with the nitrification inhibitor DMPP}, author = {Helen Suter and Deli Chen and Huilin Li and Robert Edis and Charlie Walker}, url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-08-01}, pages = {205-207}, abstract = {Emission of nitrous oxide (N_{2}O) from fertilisers applied to soils comes from the process of nitrification, carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) such as Nitrosomonas, and subsequent denitrification. Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils are estimated at around 3% of the total greenhouse gas budget for Australia (Department of Climate Change 2009). A nitrification inhibitor, such as 3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) suppresses the activity of the AOB and thereby reduces nitrification and associated losses. This paper reports on a study of the impact of DMPP on N_{2}O emissions from four soils fertilised with urea (100-160 kg N/ha) over a range of temperatures (5-35°C) in small scale (40-150g soil) incubation studies. DMPP was highly effective at reducing N_{2}O emissions in one soil (Pin Gin, Qld Australia) by more than 93% at 25 and 35°C and temperature had no impact on the reductions. DMPP was less effective in reducing N_{2}O emissions from the other soils examined (19-89% reductions) and temperature influenced the reductions. The ability of DMPP to reduce emissions was related to the pH, organic C and mineral N status of the soils examined. The results show that DMPP has the potential to be used as a tool for mitigation of N_{2}O emissions from Australian agricultural systems.}, note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 205-207.}, keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from fertilisers applied to soils comes from the process of nitrification, carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) such as Nitrosomonas, and subsequent denitrification. Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils are estimated at around 3% of the total greenhouse gas budget for Australia (Department of Climate Change 2009). A nitrification inhibitor, such as 3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) suppresses the activity of the AOB and thereby reduces nitrification and associated losses. This paper reports on a study of the impact of DMPP on N2O emissions from four soils fertilised with urea (100-160 kg N/ha) over a range of temperatures (5-35°C) in small scale (40-150g soil) incubation studies. DMPP was highly effective at reducing N2O emissions in one soil (Pin Gin, Qld Australia) by more than 93% at 25 and 35°C and temperature had no impact on the reductions. DMPP was less effective in reducing N2O emissions from the other soils examined (19-89% reductions) and temperature influenced the reductions. The ability of DMPP to reduce emissions was related to the pH, organic C and mineral N status of the soils examined. The results show that DMPP has the potential to be used as a tool for mitigation of N2O emissions from Australian agricultural systems. |
Denmead, Tom; Turner, Debra; Wang, Yongliang; Jianjie, Zhang; Yang, Zhiping; Chang, Chen Min; Qiang, Zhang; Chen, Deli; Freney, John Loss of nitrogen by ammonia volatilization and NOx emission after application of urea to irrigated maize in Shanxi Province, China Journal Article pp. 136-139, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 136-139.). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inhibitors for reducing emissions @article{Denmead2010, title = {Loss of nitrogen by ammonia volatilization and NO_{x} emission after application of urea to irrigated maize in Shanxi Province, China}, author = {Tom Denmead and Debra Turner and Yongliang Wang and Zhang Jianjie and Zhiping Yang and Chen Min Chang and Zhang Qiang and Deli Chen and John Freney}, url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-08-01}, pages = {136-139}, abstract = {An experiment, using emerging micrometeorological techniques, was conducted on a urea fertilized maize crop in Shanxi Province in northern China to determine the importance of ammonia volatilization and NOx emission as indirect greenhouse gases. The results showed that 6% and 1.2% of the applied N was lost as ammonia and NOx, respectively.}, note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 136-139.}, keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An experiment, using emerging micrometeorological techniques, was conducted on a urea fertilized maize crop in Shanxi Province in northern China to determine the importance of ammonia volatilization and NOx emission as indirect greenhouse gases. The results showed that 6% and 1.2% of the applied N was lost as ammonia and NOx, respectively. |
Li, Yong; Chen, Deli Modelling N2O emissions from agroecosystems: the WNMM experience Journal Article pp. 146-149, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 146-149.). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inhibitors for reducing emissions @article{Li2010, title = {Modelling N_{2}O emissions from agroecosystems: the WNMM experience}, author = {Yong Li and Deli Chen}, url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-08-01}, pages = {146-149}, abstract = {Nitrous oxide (N_{2}O) is primarily produced by the microbially-mediated nitrification and denitrification processes in soils. It is influenced by a suite of climate and soil variables, interacting soil and plant nitrogen (N) transformations as well as land management practices. Numerous simulation models have been developed to predict N_{2}O emissions from agroecosystems. In this paper, we report on our experiences of simulating N_{2}O emissions from irrigated maize-wheat, irrigated wheat, rainfed wheat, irrigated pasture and sugarcane ecosystems by using the Water and Nitrogen Management Model (WNMM).}, note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 146-149.}, keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Nitrous oxide (N2O) is primarily produced by the microbially-mediated nitrification and denitrification processes in soils. It is influenced by a suite of climate and soil variables, interacting soil and plant nitrogen (N) transformations as well as land management practices. Numerous simulation models have been developed to predict N2O emissions from agroecosystems. In this paper, we report on our experiences of simulating N2O emissions from irrigated maize-wheat, irrigated wheat, rainfed wheat, irrigated pasture and sugarcane ecosystems by using the Water and Nitrogen Management Model (WNMM). |
Lam, Shu Kee; Norton, Rob; Lin, Erda; Armstrong, Roger; Chen, Deli Soil gas fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 under elevated carbon dioxide under wheat in northern China Journal Article pp. 216-219, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 216-219.). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inhibitors for reducing emissions @article{Lam2010, title = {Soil gas fluxes of N_{2}O, CO_{2} and CH_{4} under elevated carbon dioxide under wheat in northern China}, author = {Shu Kee Lam and Rob Norton and Erda Lin and Roger Armstrong and Deli Chen}, url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-08-01}, pages = {216-219}, abstract = {Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N_{2}O), carbon dioxide (CO_{2}) and methane (CH_{4}) were measured from soils under ambient (420 ± 18 µmol/mol) and elevated (565 ± 37 µmol/mol) [CO_{2}] at the Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment in a wheat field in northern China. N_{2}O and CO_{2} emissions under elevated CO_{2} were increased by 47% (p < 0.05) and 11% (p = 0.063), respectively, but had no effect on CH4 flux. A significantly greater emission of N_{2}O (1812%) and CO_{2} (69%) was observed from high-N (190 kg N/ha) than low-N (50 kg N/ha) plots only after simultaneous addition of water and urea. The fluxes of N_{2}O and CO_{2} were positively and significantly correlated with both soil moisture and organic C contents, but CH_{4} flux with organic C content only. There was no significant relationship between soil mineral N and gas fluxes.}, note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 216-219.}, keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) were measured from soils under ambient (420 ± 18 µmol/mol) and elevated (565 ± 37 µmol/mol) [CO2] at the Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment in a wheat field in northern China. N2O and CO2 emissions under elevated CO2 were increased by 47% (p < 0.05) and 11% (p = 0.063), respectively, but had no effect on CH4 flux. A significantly greater emission of N2O (1812%) and CO2 (69%) was observed from high-N (190 kg N/ha) than low-N (50 kg N/ha) plots only after simultaneous addition of water and urea. The fluxes of N2O and CO2 were positively and significantly correlated with both soil moisture and organic C contents, but CH4 flux with organic C content only. There was no significant relationship between soil mineral N and gas fluxes. |
Lam, Shu Kee; Norton, Rob; Lin, Erda; Armstrong, Roger; Chen, Deli Soil gas fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 under elevated carbon dioxide under wheat in northern China Journal Article pp. 216-219, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 216-219.). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inhibitors for reducing emissions @article{Lam2010b, title = {Soil gas fluxes of N_{2}O, CO_{2} and CH_{4} under elevated carbon dioxide under wheat in northern China}, author = {Shu Kee Lam and Rob Norton and Erda Lin and Roger Armstrong and Deli Chen}, url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-08-01}, pages = { 216-219}, abstract = {Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N_{2}O), carbon dioxide (CO_{2}) and methane (CH_{4}) were measured from soils under ambient (420 ± 18 µmol/mol) and elevated (565 ± 37 µmol/mol) [CO_{2}] at the Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment in a wheat field in northern China. N_{2}O and CO_{2} emissions under elevated CO_{2} were increased by 47% (p < 0.05) and 11% (p = 0.063), respectively, but had no effect on CH4 flux. A significantly greater emission of N_{2}O (1812%) and CO_{2} (69%) was observed from high-N (190 kg N/ha) than low-N (50 kg N/ha) plots only after simultaneous addition of water and urea. The fluxes of N_{2}O and CO_{2} were positively and significantly correlated with both soil moisture and organic C contents, but CH_{4} flux with organic C content only. There was no significant relationship between soil mineral N and gas fluxes.}, note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 216-219.}, keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) were measured from soils under ambient (420 ± 18 µmol/mol) and elevated (565 ± 37 µmol/mol) [CO2] at the Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment in a wheat field in northern China. N2O and CO2 emissions under elevated CO2 were increased by 47% (p < 0.05) and 11% (p = 0.063), respectively, but had no effect on CH4 flux. A significantly greater emission of N2O (1812%) and CO2 (69%) was observed from high-N (190 kg N/ha) than low-N (50 kg N/ha) plots only after simultaneous addition of water and urea. The fluxes of N2O and CO2 were positively and significantly correlated with both soil moisture and organic C contents, but CH4 flux with organic C content only. There was no significant relationship between soil mineral N and gas fluxes. |
Suter, Helen; Chen, Deli; Li, Huilin; Edis, Robert; Walker, Charlie Comparison of the ability of the nitrification inhibitors DCD and DMPP to reduce nitrification and N2O emissions from nitrogen fertilisers Journal Article pp. 24-27, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 24-27.). Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Inhibitors for reducing emissions @article{Suter2010, title = {Comparison of the ability of the nitrification inhibitors DCD and DMPP to reduce nitrification and N_{2}O emissions from nitrogen fertilisers}, author = {Helen Suter and Deli Chen and Huilin Li and Robert Edis and Charlie Walker }, year = {2010}, date = {2010-08-01}, pages = {24-27}, abstract = {Nitrification of applied nitrogen fertilisers leads to losses of nitrogen (N) as nitrate (NO3-) or as the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Nitrification inhibitors can be used to suppress the ammonia oxidizing bacteria involved in nitrification and hence reduce these losses. The ability of nitrification inhibitors to reduce nitrification is dependent upon both climatic and soil conditions, and different inhibitors respond differently. The ability of two nitrification inhibitors, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) (1.84 kg/t urea) and dicyandiamide (DCD) (10 kg/t urea) to reduce nitrification from applied fertiliser (100 kg N/ha) in a pasture soil, in small scale (150 g) incubation studies under a range of temperatures (5, 15 and 25°C) was studied. Both products were applied as commercially prepared granular urea products. The comparable ability of the 2 inhibitors to reduce nitrification, as measured by NO_{3}- formation, were similar across all treatments, with neither effective in the topsoil and both causing reduced N_{3}- formation in the subsoil. N_{2}O emissions were reduced by both inhibitors. DMPP was applied at a lower concentration than DCD and performed almost, and equally as well in many cases.}, note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 24-27.}, keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Nitrification of applied nitrogen fertilisers leads to losses of nitrogen (N) as nitrate (NO3-) or as the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Nitrification inhibitors can be used to suppress the ammonia oxidizing bacteria involved in nitrification and hence reduce these losses. The ability of nitrification inhibitors to reduce nitrification is dependent upon both climatic and soil conditions, and different inhibitors respond differently. The ability of two nitrification inhibitors, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) (1.84 kg/t urea) and dicyandiamide (DCD) (10 kg/t urea) to reduce nitrification from applied fertiliser (100 kg N/ha) in a pasture soil, in small scale (150 g) incubation studies under a range of temperatures (5, 15 and 25°C) was studied. Both products were applied as commercially prepared granular urea products. The comparable ability of the 2 inhibitors to reduce nitrification, as measured by NO3- formation, were similar across all treatments, with neither effective in the topsoil and both causing reduced N3- formation in the subsoil. N2O emissions were reduced by both inhibitors. DMPP was applied at a lower concentration than DCD and performed almost, and equally as well in many cases. |
Schwenke, G D; Haigh, Bruce; McMullen, Guy; Herridge, David Soil nitrous oxide emissions under dryland N-fertilised canola and N2-fixing chickpea in the northern grains region, Australia Journal Article pp. 228-231, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 228-231.). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inhibitors for reducing emissions @article{Schwenke2010, title = {Soil nitrous oxide emissions under dryland N-fertilised canola and N_{2}-fixing chickpea in the northern grains region, Australia}, author = {G. D. Schwenke and Bruce Haigh and Guy McMullen and David Herridge}, url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-08-01}, pages = {228-231}, abstract = {Nitrous oxide (N_{2}O) emissions from cropping soils contribute to increasing atmospheric N_{2}O. Planning to reduce emissions requires real-world measurements. Crop production systems that partially rely on nitrogen (N) fixed by legumes may emit less N_{2}O than systems that are totally dependent on fertiliser N inputs. We measured N_{2}O emissions from a dryland vertosol in northwest NSW, Australia during the growth of Nfertilised canola ( ) and N_{2}-fixing chickpea (Cicer arietinum). At sowing, canola received 80 kg N/ha as urea, and chickpea was inoculated with effective rhizobia. Emissions of N_{2}O were monitored seven times per day using an automated system of chambers connected to a gas chromatograph. Daily N_{2}O emissions ranged from -1.7 to 39.6 g N_{2}O-N/ha/day in canola plots and -1.6 to 12.5 g N_{2}O-N/ha/day for chickpea. During crop growth, the N-fertilised canola plots emitted a total of 293 g N_{2}O-N/ha, equivalent to 0.37% of the urea N applied. Chickpea plots emitted 29 g N_{2}O-N/ha. The canola plots emitted a further 241 g N_{2}O-N/ha in the first months of the post-crop fallow, mostly during a short period of high rainfall, compared with 58 g N_{2}O-N/ha for chickpea. We hypothesise that the canola residue may have mineralised N earlier than chickpeas.}, note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 228-231.}, keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from cropping soils contribute to increasing atmospheric N2O. Planning to reduce emissions requires real-world measurements. Crop production systems that partially rely on nitrogen (N) fixed by legumes may emit less N2O than systems that are totally dependent on fertiliser N inputs. We measured N2O emissions from a dryland vertosol in northwest NSW, Australia during the growth of Nfertilised canola ( ) and N2-fixing chickpea (Cicer arietinum). At sowing, canola received 80 kg N/ha as urea, and chickpea was inoculated with effective rhizobia. Emissions of N2O were monitored seven times per day using an automated system of chambers connected to a gas chromatograph. Daily N2O emissions ranged from -1.7 to 39.6 g N2O-N/ha/day in canola plots and -1.6 to 12.5 g N2O-N/ha/day for chickpea. During crop growth, the N-fertilised canola plots emitted a total of 293 g N2O-N/ha, equivalent to 0.37% of the urea N applied. Chickpea plots emitted 29 g N2O-N/ha. The canola plots emitted a further 241 g N2O-N/ha in the first months of the post-crop fallow, mostly during a short period of high rainfall, compared with 58 g N2O-N/ha for chickpea. We hypothesise that the canola residue may have mineralised N earlier than chickpeas. |
Suter, Helen; Chen, Deli; Li, Huilin; Edis, Robert; Walker, Charlie Reducing N2O emissions from nitrogen fertilisers with the nitrification inhibitor DMPP Journal Article pp. 205-207, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 205-207.). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inhibitors for reducing emissions @article{Suter2010b, title = {Reducing N_{2}O emissions from nitrogen fertilisers with the nitrification inhibitor DMPP}, author = {Helen Suter and Deli Chen and Huilin Li and Robert Edis and Charlie Walker}, url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-08-01}, pages = {205-207}, abstract = {Emission of nitrous oxide (N_{2}O) from fertilisers applied to soils comes from the process of nitrification, carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) such as Nitrosomonas, and subsequent denitrification. Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils are estimated at around 3% of the total greenhouse gas budget for Australia (Department of Climate Change 2009). A nitrification inhibitor, such as 3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) suppresses the activity of the AOB and thereby reduces nitrification and associated losses. This paper reports on a study of the impact of DMPP on N_{2}O emissions from four soils fertilised with urea (100-160 kg N/ha) over a range of temperatures (5-35°C) in small scale (40-150g soil) incubation studies. DMPP was highly effective at reducing N2O emissions in one soil (Pin Gin, Qld Australia) by more than 93% at 25 and 35°C and temperature had no impact on the reductions. DMPP was less effective in reducing N_{2}O emissions from the other soils examined (19-89% reductions) and temperature influenced the reductions. The ability of DMPP to reduce emissions was related to the pH, organic C and mineral N status of the soils examined. The results show that DMPP has the potential to be used as a tool for mitigation of N_{2}O emissions from Australian agricultural systems.}, note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 205-207.}, keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from fertilisers applied to soils comes from the process of nitrification, carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) such as Nitrosomonas, and subsequent denitrification. Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils are estimated at around 3% of the total greenhouse gas budget for Australia (Department of Climate Change 2009). A nitrification inhibitor, such as 3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) suppresses the activity of the AOB and thereby reduces nitrification and associated losses. This paper reports on a study of the impact of DMPP on N2O emissions from four soils fertilised with urea (100-160 kg N/ha) over a range of temperatures (5-35°C) in small scale (40-150g soil) incubation studies. DMPP was highly effective at reducing N2O emissions in one soil (Pin Gin, Qld Australia) by more than 93% at 25 and 35°C and temperature had no impact on the reductions. DMPP was less effective in reducing N2O emissions from the other soils examined (19-89% reductions) and temperature influenced the reductions. The ability of DMPP to reduce emissions was related to the pH, organic C and mineral N status of the soils examined. The results show that DMPP has the potential to be used as a tool for mitigation of N2O emissions from Australian agricultural systems. |
Suter, Helen; Chen, Deli; Li, Huilin; Edis, Robert; Walker, Charlie Comparison of the ability of the nitrification inhibitors DCD and DMPP to reduce nitrification and N2O emissions from nitrogen fertilisers Journal Article pp. 24-27, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 24-27.). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inhibitors for reducing emissions @article{Suter2010b, title = {Comparison of the ability of the nitrification inhibitors DCD and DMPP to reduce nitrification and N_{2}O emissions from nitrogen fertilisers}, author = {Helen Suter and Deli Chen and Huilin Li and Robert Edis and Charlie Walker }, url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-08-01}, pages = {24-27}, abstract = {Nitrification of applied nitrogen fertilisers leads to losses of nitrogen (N) as nitrate (NO_{3}-) or as the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N_{2}O). Nitrification inhibitors can be used to suppress the ammonia oxidizing bacteria involved in nitrification and hence reduce these losses. The ability of nitrification inhibitors to reduce nitrification is dependent upon both climatic and soil conditions, and different inhibitors respond differently. The ability of two nitrification inhibitors, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) (1.84 kg/t urea) and dicyandiamide (DCD) (10 kg/t urea) to reduce nitrification from applied fertiliser (100 kg N/ha) in a pasture soil, in small scale (150 g) incubation studies under a range of temperatures (5, 15 and 25°C) was studied. Both products were applied as commercially prepared granular urea products. The comparable ability of the 2 inhibitors to reduce nitrification, as measured by NO_{3}- formation, were similar across all treatments, with neither effective in the topsoil and both causing reduced N_{3}- formation in the subsoil. N_{2}O emissions were reduced by both inhibitors. DMPP was applied at a lower concentration than DCD and performed almost, and equally as well in many cases.}, note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 24-27.}, keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Nitrification of applied nitrogen fertilisers leads to losses of nitrogen (N) as nitrate (NO3-) or as the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Nitrification inhibitors can be used to suppress the ammonia oxidizing bacteria involved in nitrification and hence reduce these losses. The ability of nitrification inhibitors to reduce nitrification is dependent upon both climatic and soil conditions, and different inhibitors respond differently. The ability of two nitrification inhibitors, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) (1.84 kg/t urea) and dicyandiamide (DCD) (10 kg/t urea) to reduce nitrification from applied fertiliser (100 kg N/ha) in a pasture soil, in small scale (150 g) incubation studies under a range of temperatures (5, 15 and 25°C) was studied. Both products were applied as commercially prepared granular urea products. The comparable ability of the 2 inhibitors to reduce nitrification, as measured by NO3- formation, were similar across all treatments, with neither effective in the topsoil and both causing reduced N3- formation in the subsoil. N2O emissions were reduced by both inhibitors. DMPP was applied at a lower concentration than DCD and performed almost, and equally as well in many cases. |