pp. 96-98, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 96-98.).
@article{Scheer2010b,
title = {Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Intensive Pasture On Ferrosol In Northern Nsw, Australia: Impact Of Biochar Amendment},
author = {Clemens Scheer and Peter R. Grace and Dave Rowling and Stephen Kimber and Lukas Van Zwieten},
url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-08-01},
pages = {96-98},
abstract = {An intensive field campaign was performed from April to June 2009 to assess the effect of biochar amendment on the emission of soil-borne GHGs from a sub-tropical pasture on acidic ferrosol. Over the whole measurement period high emissions of N2O and high fluxes of CO2 could be observed, whereas a net uptake of CH4 was measured. Only small differences in the fluxes of N2O and CH4 from the biochar amended plots (35.33 ± 4.83 µg N2O-N/m2/h, -6.76 ± 0.20 µg CH4 -C/m2/h) vs. the control plots (31.08 ± 3.50 µg N2O-N/m2/h, -7.30 ± 0.19 µg CH4 -C/m2/h) could be observed, while there was no significant difference in the fluxes of CO2. However, it could be observed that N2O emissions were significantly lower from the biochar amended plots during periods with low emission rates (< 50 µg N2O-N/m2/h). Only during an extremely high emission event following heavy rainfall N2O emissions from the biochar amended plots were higher than from the control plots. Our results demonstrate that pastures on ferrosols in Northern NSW are a significant source of GHG and that the amendment of biochar can alter those emissions. However, more field and laboratory incubation studies covering prolonged observation periods are needed to clarify the impact of biochar amendment on soil microbial processes and the emission of soil-borne GHGs.},
note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 96-98.},
keywords = {Improved process understanding and new technologies},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An intensive field campaign was performed from April to June 2009 to assess the effect of biochar amendment on the emission of soil-borne GHGs from a sub-tropical pasture on acidic ferrosol. Over the whole measurement period high emissions of N2O and high fluxes of CO2 could be observed, whereas a net uptake of CH4 was measured. Only small differences in the fluxes of N2O and CH4 from the biochar amended plots (35.33 ± 4.83 µg N2O-N/m2/h, -6.76 ± 0.20 µg CH4 -C/m2/h) vs. the control plots (31.08 ± 3.50 µg N2O-N/m2/h, -7.30 ± 0.19 µg CH4 -C/m2/h) could be observed, while there was no significant difference in the fluxes of CO2. However, it could be observed that N2O emissions were significantly lower from the biochar amended plots during periods with low emission rates (< 50 µg N2O-N/m2/h). Only during an extremely high emission event following heavy rainfall N2O emissions from the biochar amended plots were higher than from the control plots. Our results demonstrate that pastures on ferrosols in Northern NSW are a significant source of GHG and that the amendment of biochar can alter those emissions. However, more field and laboratory incubation studies covering prolonged observation periods are needed to clarify the impact of biochar amendment on soil microbial processes and the emission of soil-borne GHGs.
pp. 205-207, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 205-207.).
@article{Suter2010b,
title = {Reducing N_{2}O emissions from nitrogen fertilisers with the nitrification inhibitor DMPP},
author = {Helen Suter and Deli Chen and Huilin Li and Robert Edis and Charlie Walker},
url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-08-01},
pages = {205-207},
abstract = {Emission of nitrous oxide (N_{2}O) from fertilisers applied to soils comes from the process of nitrification, carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) such as Nitrosomonas, and subsequent denitrification. Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils are estimated at around 3% of the total greenhouse gas budget for Australia (Department of Climate Change 2009). A nitrification inhibitor, such as 3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) suppresses the activity of the AOB and thereby reduces nitrification and associated losses. This paper reports on a study of the impact of DMPP on N_{2}O emissions from four soils fertilised with urea (100-160 kg N/ha) over a range of temperatures (5-35°C) in small scale (40-150g soil) incubation studies. DMPP was highly effective at reducing N2O emissions in one soil (Pin Gin, Qld Australia) by more than 93% at 25 and 35°C and temperature had no impact on the reductions. DMPP was less effective in reducing N_{2}O emissions from the other soils examined (19-89% reductions) and temperature influenced the reductions. The ability of DMPP to reduce emissions was related to the pH, organic C and mineral N status of the soils examined. The results show that DMPP has the potential to be used as a tool for mitigation of N_{2}O emissions from Australian agricultural systems.},
note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 205-207.},
keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from fertilisers applied to soils comes from the process of nitrification, carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) such as Nitrosomonas, and subsequent denitrification. Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils are estimated at around 3% of the total greenhouse gas budget for Australia (Department of Climate Change 2009). A nitrification inhibitor, such as 3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) suppresses the activity of the AOB and thereby reduces nitrification and associated losses. This paper reports on a study of the impact of DMPP on N2O emissions from four soils fertilised with urea (100-160 kg N/ha) over a range of temperatures (5-35°C) in small scale (40-150g soil) incubation studies. DMPP was highly effective at reducing N2O emissions in one soil (Pin Gin, Qld Australia) by more than 93% at 25 and 35°C and temperature had no impact on the reductions. DMPP was less effective in reducing N2O emissions from the other soils examined (19-89% reductions) and temperature influenced the reductions. The ability of DMPP to reduce emissions was related to the pH, organic C and mineral N status of the soils examined. The results show that DMPP has the potential to be used as a tool for mitigation of N2O emissions from Australian agricultural systems.
pp. 136-139, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 136-139.).
@article{Denmead2010,
title = {Loss of nitrogen by ammonia volatilization and NO_{x} emission after application of urea to irrigated maize in Shanxi Province, China},
author = {Tom Denmead and Debra Turner and Yongliang Wang and Zhang Jianjie and Zhiping Yang and Chen Min Chang and Zhang Qiang and Deli Chen and John Freney},
url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-08-01},
pages = {136-139},
abstract = {An experiment, using emerging micrometeorological techniques, was conducted on a urea fertilized maize crop in Shanxi Province in northern China to determine the importance of ammonia volatilization and NOx emission as indirect greenhouse gases. The results showed that 6% and 1.2% of the applied N was lost as ammonia and NOx, respectively.},
note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 136-139.},
keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An experiment, using emerging micrometeorological techniques, was conducted on a urea fertilized maize crop in Shanxi Province in northern China to determine the importance of ammonia volatilization and NOx emission as indirect greenhouse gases. The results showed that 6% and 1.2% of the applied N was lost as ammonia and NOx, respectively.
pp. 205-207, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 205-207.).
@article{Suter2010b,
title = {Reducing N_{2}O emissions from nitrogen fertilisers with the nitrification inhibitor DMPP},
author = {Helen Suter and Deli Chen and Huilin Li and Robert Edis and Charlie Walker},
url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-08-01},
pages = {205-207},
abstract = {Emission of nitrous oxide (N_{2}O) from fertilisers applied to soils comes from the process of nitrification, carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) such as Nitrosomonas, and subsequent denitrification. Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils are estimated at around 3% of the total greenhouse gas budget for Australia (Department of Climate Change 2009). A nitrification inhibitor, such as 3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) suppresses the activity of the AOB and thereby reduces nitrification and associated losses. This paper reports on a study of the impact of DMPP on N_{2}O emissions from four soils fertilised with urea (100-160 kg N/ha) over a range of temperatures (5-35°C) in small scale (40-150g soil) incubation studies. DMPP was highly effective at reducing N_{2}O emissions in one soil (Pin Gin, Qld Australia) by more than 93% at 25 and 35°C and temperature had no impact on the reductions. DMPP was less effective in reducing N_{2}O emissions from the other soils examined (19-89% reductions) and temperature influenced the reductions. The ability of DMPP to reduce emissions was related to the pH, organic C and mineral N status of the soils examined. The results show that DMPP has the potential to be used as a tool for mitigation of N_{2}O emissions from Australian agricultural systems.},
note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 205-207.},
keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from fertilisers applied to soils comes from the process of nitrification, carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) such as Nitrosomonas, and subsequent denitrification. Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils are estimated at around 3% of the total greenhouse gas budget for Australia (Department of Climate Change 2009). A nitrification inhibitor, such as 3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) suppresses the activity of the AOB and thereby reduces nitrification and associated losses. This paper reports on a study of the impact of DMPP on N2O emissions from four soils fertilised with urea (100-160 kg N/ha) over a range of temperatures (5-35°C) in small scale (40-150g soil) incubation studies. DMPP was highly effective at reducing N2O emissions in one soil (Pin Gin, Qld Australia) by more than 93% at 25 and 35°C and temperature had no impact on the reductions. DMPP was less effective in reducing N2O emissions from the other soils examined (19-89% reductions) and temperature influenced the reductions. The ability of DMPP to reduce emissions was related to the pH, organic C and mineral N status of the soils examined. The results show that DMPP has the potential to be used as a tool for mitigation of N2O emissions from Australian agricultural systems.
pp. 146-149, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 146-149.).
@article{Li2010,
title = {Modelling N_{2}O emissions from agroecosystems: the WNMM experience},
author = {Yong Li and Deli Chen},
url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-08-01},
pages = {146-149},
abstract = {Nitrous oxide (N_{2}O) is primarily produced by the microbially-mediated nitrification and denitrification processes in soils. It is influenced by a suite of climate and soil variables, interacting soil and plant nitrogen (N) transformations as well as land management practices. Numerous simulation models have been developed to predict N_{2}O emissions from agroecosystems. In this paper, we report on our experiences of simulating N_{2}O emissions from irrigated maize-wheat, irrigated wheat, rainfed wheat, irrigated pasture and sugarcane ecosystems by using the Water and Nitrogen Management Model (WNMM).},
note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 146-149.},
keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is primarily produced by the microbially-mediated nitrification and denitrification processes in soils. It is influenced by a suite of climate and soil variables, interacting soil and plant nitrogen (N) transformations as well as land management practices. Numerous simulation models have been developed to predict N2O emissions from agroecosystems. In this paper, we report on our experiences of simulating N2O emissions from irrigated maize-wheat, irrigated wheat, rainfed wheat, irrigated pasture and sugarcane ecosystems by using the Water and Nitrogen Management Model (WNMM).
pp. 216-219, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 216-219.).
@article{Lam2010,
title = {Soil gas fluxes of N_{2}O, CO_{2} and CH_{4} under elevated carbon dioxide under wheat in northern China},
author = {Shu Kee Lam and Rob Norton and Erda Lin and Roger Armstrong and Deli Chen},
url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-08-01},
pages = {216-219},
abstract = {Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N_{2}O), carbon dioxide (CO_{2}) and methane (CH_{4}) were measured from soils under ambient (420 ± 18 µmol/mol) and elevated (565 ± 37 µmol/mol) [CO_{2}] at the Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment in a wheat field in northern China. N_{2}O and CO_{2} emissions under elevated CO_{2} were increased by 47% (p < 0.05) and 11% (p = 0.063), respectively, but had no effect on CH4 flux. A significantly greater emission of N_{2}O (1812%) and CO_{2} (69%) was observed from high-N (190 kg N/ha) than low-N (50 kg N/ha) plots only after simultaneous addition of water and urea. The fluxes of N_{2}O and CO_{2} were positively and significantly correlated with both soil moisture and organic C contents, but CH_{4} flux with organic C content only. There was no significant relationship between soil mineral N and gas fluxes.},
note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 216-219.},
keywords = {Inhibitors for reducing emissions},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) were measured from soils under ambient (420 ± 18 µmol/mol) and elevated (565 ± 37 µmol/mol) [CO2] at the Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment in a wheat field in northern China. N2O and CO2 emissions under elevated CO2 were increased by 47% (p < 0.05) and 11% (p = 0.063), respectively, but had no effect on CH4 flux. A significantly greater emission of N2O (1812%) and CO2 (69%) was observed from high-N (190 kg N/ha) than low-N (50 kg N/ha) plots only after simultaneous addition of water and urea. The fluxes of N2O and CO2 were positively and significantly correlated with both soil moisture and organic C contents, but CH4 flux with organic C content only. There was no significant relationship between soil mineral N and gas fluxes.
pp. 199-201, 2010, (Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 199-201.).
@article{Rowlings2010,
title = {Quantifying N_{2}O and CO_{2} emissions from a subtropical pasture},
author = {David Rowlings and Peter R. Grace and Ralf Kiese and Clemens Scheer},
url = {http://soilscienceaustralia.com.au/19th-world-congress-of-soil-science},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-04-01},
pages = {199-201},
abstract = {Greenhouse gas emissions from a well established, unfertilized tropical grass-legume pasture were monitored over two consecutive years using high resolution automatic sampling. Nitrous oxide emissions were highest during the summer months and were highly episodic, related more to the size and distribution of rain events than WFPS alone. Mean annual emissions were significantly higher during 2008 (5.7 ± 1.0 g N_{2}O -N/ha/day) than 2007 (3.9 ± 0.4 and g N_{2}O -N/ha/day) despite receiving nearly 500 mm less rain. Mean CO_{2} (28.2 ± 1.5 kg CO_{2} C/ha/day) was not significantly different (P < 0.01) between measurement years, emissions being highly dependent on temperature. A negative correlation between CO_{2} and WFPS at >70% indicated a threshold for soil conditions favouring denitrification. The use of automatic chambers for high resolution greenhouse gas sampling can greatly reduce emission estimation errors associated with temperature and WFPS changes.},
note = {Gilkes, R.J, Prakongkep, N. (Eds.). Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science 2010; Published on DVD; http://www.iuss.org; Congress Symposium 4; Greenhouse gases from soils, IUSS, Brisbane, pp. 199-201.},
keywords = {Program co-ordination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Greenhouse gas emissions from a well established, unfertilized tropical grass-legume pasture were monitored over two consecutive years using high resolution automatic sampling. Nitrous oxide emissions were highest during the summer months and were highly episodic, related more to the size and distribution of rain events than WFPS alone. Mean annual emissions were significantly higher during 2008 (5.7 ± 1.0 g N2O -N/ha/day) than 2007 (3.9 ± 0.4 and g N2O -N/ha/day) despite receiving nearly 500 mm less rain. Mean CO2 (28.2 ± 1.5 kg CO2 C/ha/day) was not significantly different (P < 0.01) between measurement years, emissions being highly dependent on temperature. A negative correlation between CO2 and WFPS at >70% indicated a threshold for soil conditions favouring denitrification. The use of automatic chambers for high resolution greenhouse gas sampling can greatly reduce emission estimation errors associated with temperature and WFPS changes.